In the 12 th century, numerous heretical sects ( some originating in the 3 rd and 4 th centuries ), flourished; particularly in the south of France. These were the Arians, Manichæans, Catharists, Waldenses and Gnostics. ( Space does not permit of an exhaustive analysis of the deviations from orthodoxy of these Christian sects. ) And then there was Peter Abélard thundering forth from the pulpits of Mont Sainte Geneviéve, and The Paraclete in Paris, posing scientific-religious questions that the... Sign in to see full entry.